英语同义词近义词辨析

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英语同义词近义词辨析

作者: Odie

最近更新: 2021/7/14

很多单词意思相近却不知道该用哪个？来辨析一下同义词、近义词，还有易混淆词……这些单词和词组意思看起来差不多，到底哪些是可以换用的，哪些有细微区别呢？或是意思一样，使用场合不一样？每集讲5~6个意思相关...

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black, dark, pitch-black, inky, jet-black, ebony

black, dark, pitch-black, inky, jet-black, ebony

blackWithout any color or brightness 黑色的// She wore black stockings to match her dress. 她穿了一双黑色丝袜配她的连衣裙。darkDark can mean giving out very little light 深色的// Her dark hair matched her dark clothes. 她深色的头发和深色的衣服很配。pitch-blackPitch-black means very black or dark 乌黑的// The pitch-black clouds loomed on the horrizon. 地平线上浮现出乌黑的云朵。inkyInky means as black as ink. 墨黑的，黑乎乎的// He disappeared completely into the inky shadows. 他完全消失在墨黑的阴影中。jet-blackJet-blach means of a deep, glossy black color, like the shiny coal of the same name 乌黑发亮的// He groomed Black Beauty until his jet-black coat shone in the sun. 他为那匹叫“黑美人”的马梳毛，直到马身上乌黑的毛在阳光下发亮。ebonyEbony means black, like the valuable wood of the same name （像乌檀木一样）乌黑的// The cat stared at me through its large, ebony eyes. 那只猫用又大又黑的眼珠瞪着我。

stupid, dull, dense, crass, dumb

stupid, dull, dense, crass, dumb

STUPID, DULL, DENSE, CRASS, DUMB mean lacking in power to absorb ideas or impressions. stupidsilly or unwise; showing poor judgment or little intelligence 愚蠢的，糊涂的，欠考虑的STUPID implies a slow-witted or dazed state of mind that may be either congenital or temporary. // She was really stupid to quit her job like that. 她就那样辞掉了工作，简直是愚蠢透顶。// How could you be so stupid? 你怎么会这么傻？// stupid students just keeping the seats warm 愚蠢的学生们只是把座位坐热dullnot intelligent 不聪明的，愚笨的DULL suggests a slow or sluggish mind such as results from disease, depression, or shock.// monotonous work that leaves the mind dull 单调乏味的工作让头脑迟钝densestupid 蠢的，笨的DENSE implies a thickheaded imperviousness to ideas. // There are some really dense people in our class. 我们班有些人特别笨。// too dense to take a hint 太迟钝了，听不懂暗示crassstupid and without considering how other people might feel 不考虑他人感受的，愚蠢的CRASS suggests a grossness of mind precluding discrimination or delicacy.// a crass remark 蠢话// crass behaviour/ignorance 愚蠢的行为／愚昧无知// a crass error of judgment 愚蠢的判断错误// crass ignorance 愚昧无知dumbstupid 愚蠢的DUMB applies to an exasperating obtuseness or lack of comprehension. // What a dumb idea! 这想法太蠢了！// Are they brave or just dumb? 他们是勇敢还是愚蠢？// too dumb to figure out what's going on 太蠢了，搞不清楚发生了什么

boring, dull, tedious, stale, monotonous, humdrum

boring, dull, tedious, stale, monotonous, humdrum

boringnot interesting or exciting 烦人的，乏味的，无聊的// a boring lecture 一个枯燥的讲座// It's boring to sit on the plane with nothing to read. 坐在飞机上没东西可读真是无聊。// The movie was so boring I fell asleep. 这部电影非常乏味，我都睡着了。dullnot interesting or exciting in any way 枯燥的，乏味的，无趣的// He's pleasant enough, but deadly dull. 他很和善，但太乏味。// She wrote dull, respectable articles for the local newspaper. 她为当地报纸写一些乏味的官样文章。tediouslong and boring 单调乏味的，无趣的；冗长的 // a tedious public ceremony 乏味的公开仪式// a tedious job 单调乏味的工作// The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious. 问题是我觉得大多数形式的锻炼都很乏味。staleboring because too familiar; not fresh and new 过时的，老套的，没有新意的// stale jokes/news 老掉牙的笑话／过时的新闻used to describe someone who has lost interest in what they are doing because of being bored or working too hard（对所做之事）厌倦的，腻烦的// They had been working together for over five years and they had both become a little stale. 他们两个已经在一起共事5年多了，彼此都有一点儿厌倦。monotonousnot changing and therefore boring 单调乏味的，毫无变化的// a monotonous job 单调的工作// a monotonous voice 单调的声音// The music became monotonous after a while. 过了一会儿音乐变得单调起来。// The rehabilitation process has been monotonous and nonstop. 康复过程是单调和不间断的。— Tom Schad, USA TODAY, 18 June 2021humdrumhaving no excitement, interest, or new and different events 乏味的，单调的，令人厌倦的 // We lead such a humdrum life/existence. 我们的生活／日子过得真是乏味。// Most of the work is fairly humdrum. 这工作大部分都相当单调。

sophisticated, worldly-wise, blase

sophisticated, worldly-wise, blase

Sophisticated, worldly-wise, blasé mean experienced in the ways of the world.sophisticated精于世故的，老练的；见多识广的；很有品位的having a good understanding of the way people behave and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion// Guests at her salon were usually rich and sophisticated. 她沙龙里的客人通常都很有钱，见多识广。 worldly-wise 老于世故的；圆滑的possessing a practical and often shrewd understanding of human affairs and able to deal with most situations// Tyler is remarkably worldly-wise for such a young girl. 就这么年轻的一个女孩来说，泰勒相当世故。// a worldly-wise woman with a philosophy of personal independence 具有个人独立哲学的世故女性 blasé不稀罕的，玩厌了的；司空见惯的bored or not excited, or wishing to seem so apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment// He flies first class so often, he's become blasé about it. 他经常坐飞机头等舱，所以已经不稀罕了。// blasé travelers who claimed to have been everywhere 声称已经去过任何地方的冷漠旅行者们

bored, tired of, sick of, fed up

bored, tired of, sick of, fed up

boredfeeling unhappy because something is not interesting or because you have nothing to do 感到无聊的，感到厌烦的// It was a cold, wet day and the children were bored. 那是一个阴冷而潮湿的日子，孩子们都很无聊。// I enjoyed my course at first, but after a time I got bored with it. 起初我很喜欢我的课程，但过了一段时间我就厌倦了。// He was getting bored with/of doing the same thing every day. 每天都做同样的事他感到很厌倦。tired ofto be annoyed by something 对……感到厌烦// I am tired of all the speculation. 我厌倦了所有的猜测。// I was tired of being a bookkeeper. 我厌倦了当记账员。// Consumers are tired of brands saying one thing, and doing another. 消费者厌倦了品牌说一套做一套。— Sonia Thompson, Forbes, 30 May 2021// Some residents are tired of the drumbeat of financial issues from the city government. 一些居民厌倦了市政府对财政问题的鼓吹。— Kailyn Brown, Los Angeles Times, 29 May 2021sick of to have experienced too much of something or someone with the result that you are annoyed 厌烦，对……感到厌倦// I'm sick of my job. 我对自己的工作感到厌烦。// I'm sick of him whining about money. 我讨厌他抱怨钱的事。// I am sick and tired of hearing all these people moaning. 我厌倦了听到这些人的呻吟。 fed upbored, annoyed, or disappointed, especially by something that you have experienced for too long 厌倦的，厌烦的，失望的// I'm fed up with my job. 我厌倦了我的工作。// I'm fed up with cleaning up after you all the time. 我受够了一直跟着你后面打扫卫生。// Residents are fed up with the disturbance caused by the nightclub. 居民们受够了夜总会的扰乱。contrasting word: excited

blue, azure, navy, aqua, sapphire

blue, azure, navy, aqua, sapphire

blue, azure, navy, aqua, sapphireBlue means having the colour of a clear sky 蓝色的// We searched anxiously for signs of rain clouds in the blue sky. 我们急切地在蓝天中搜索雨云的迹象。Azure means having a sky blue colour. 天蓝色的// I'm going to use that azure glaze on my pot. 我的壶上要用天蓝色的釉彩。 Navy means having a very dark blue colour. 藏青色的，海军蓝的// He was wearing a navy sweater. 他穿着一件深蓝色的毛衣。Aqua means of a greenish-blue colour 浅蓝带绿色的，水绿色的// Boats bobbed up and down on the aqua sea. 船只在浅蓝色的海中颠簸。Sapphire means having a deep blue colour （蓝宝石般的）深蓝色，宝蓝色// As evening approached the lake took on a sapphire hue. 夜晚降临时湖水呈现深蓝色。

busy, industrious, diligent, assiduous, sedulous

busy, industrious, diligent, assiduous, sedulous

BUSY, INDUSTRIOUS, DILIGENT, ASSIDUOUS, SEDULOUS mean actively engaged or occupied. busyengaged in action 忙碌的；忙于…的；专注的BUSY chiefly stresses activity as opposed to idleness or leisure. // She's busy studying. 她正在学习。// Mum was busy in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房里忙着呢。// too busy to spend time with the children 太忙而无法与孩子们共度时光industrious constantly, regularly, or habitually active or occupied : DILIGENT 勤劳的，勤奋的INDUSTRIOUS implies characteristic or habitual devotion to work. // industrious employees 勤劳雇员// She's extremely competent and industrious. 她非常能干而且勤劳。// But industrious American teens can still side-load the app, working around domestic restrictions to get software from abroad.— Zheping Huang, Bloomberg.com, "ByteDance Chief Reconsiders TikTok Options After New China Rules," 1 Sep. 2020diligentcharacterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort : PAINSTAKING 认真刻苦的，勤奋的，勤劳的DILIGENT suggests earnest application to some specific object or pursuit. // Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case. 律师为他们这个案子做了认真扎实的准备。// She's very diligent in her pursuit of a degree. 她对学位的追求非常努力刻苦。done in a careful and detailed way 细致的，潜心的// The discovery was made after years of diligent research. 这一发现是数年潜心研究的成果。// But health officials caution that the numbers can change quickly and schools and families will need to remain diligent to limit the spread of the coronavirus among students and staff.assiduousshowing great care, attention, and effort : marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application 专心致志的；兢兢业业的；勤勉的ASSIDUOUS stresses careful and unremitting application. // assiduous research/efforts 锲而不舍的研究／努力// assiduous practice 刻苦练习// The government has been assiduous in the fight against inflation. 政府一直在不遗余力地遏制通货膨胀。sedulousinvolving or accomplished with careful perseverance 小心的，勤奋的，刻苦的SEDULOUS implies painstaking and persevering application. // a sedulous investigation of the murder 对谋杀案进行认真调查// a sedulous student 刻苦的学生Did You Know?You're more likely to be diligent about something if you love doing it. The etymology of diligent reflects the fact that affection can lead to energetic effort. The word, which entered English in the 14th century by way of Anglo-French, descends from the Latin verb diligere, meaning "to value or esteem highly" or "to love." Of course, you don’t need to care for the task at hand in order to be diligent, but it certainly does help!

bright, brilliant, radiant, luminous, lustrous, shining, shiny, glowing

bright, brilliant, radiant, luminous, lustrous, shining, shiny, glowing

brightfull of light, shining 明亮的，光线充足的BRIGHT implies emitting or reflecting a high degree of light. // bright sunshine 明媚的阳光// The rooms are bright and airy. 房间明亮通风。// The lights are too bright in here - they're hurting my eyes. 这里的灯太亮了，刺伤我的眼睛。brilliantvery bright 明亮的BRILLIANT implies intense often sparkling brightness.// a brilliant light 灿烂的光芒// I was dazzled by a brilliant light. 灿烂的光芒使我眼花缭乱// a brilliant star in the sky 天空中的一颗璀璨的星星radiantradiating rays or reflecting beams of light 发光的，明亮的，辐射的（热或光），放射的，发散的RADIANT stresses the emission or seeming emission of rays of light. // a radiant morning 一个灿烂的早晨// a radiant star 一颗发光的星星* obviously very happy, or very beautiful 喜气洋洋的；容光焕发的；光彩照人的// a radiant smile 灿烂的微笑// radiant eyes 容光焕发的眼睛luminousproducing or reflecting bright light (especially in the dark) （尤指在黑暗中）发亮的，放光的；夜光的LUMINOUS implies emission of steady, suffused, glowing light by reflection or in surrounding darkness. // luminous clothing 夜光服// I saw the cat's luminous eyes in my car's headlights. 我在车前灯中看到猫的发光眼睛。// a watch with a luminous dial 带有夜光表盘的手表lustrousvery shiny 闪亮的，光彩熠熠的LUSTROUS stresses an even, rich light from a surface that reflects brightly without glittering. // long, lustrous hair 光亮的长发// lustrous silver jewelry adorned her neck 有光泽的银饰点缀她的脖子Luminous, like its synonyms radiant, shining, glowing, and lustrous, is generally a positive adjective, especially when it describes something that doesn't literally glow, such as a face, a performance, or a poem. shiningemitting or reflecting light // the shining moonshinyA shiny surface is bright because it reflects light（表面）有光泽的，光亮的// beautiful shiny hair 美丽有光泽的头发// shiny black shoes 锃亮的黑皮鞋glowingproducing light// a glowing computer screen 发光的电脑屏幕English Language Definition:very enthusiastic : full of praise 热烈赞扬的；热情洋溢的// His latest book has received glowing reviews. 他的近作好评如潮。// In her speech, she paid a glowing tribute to her predecessor. 她在发言中热烈赞扬了她的前任。

boast, brag, vaunt, crow

boast, brag, vaunt, crow

BOAST, BRAG, VAUNT, CROW mean to express pride in oneself or one's accomplishments. boastto speak too proudly or happily about what you have done or what you own 自吹自擂，吹嘘，夸耀BOAST often suggests ostentation and exaggeration but it may imply a claiming with proper and justifiable pride. // boast of every trivial success 吹嘘每一个微不足道的成功// Parents enjoy boasting about their children's achievements. 父母喜欢夸耀子女所取得的成绩。// They boasted that they had never lost a single game. 他们夸口说从来没有输过一场比赛。// He liked to boast that he was the richest man in town. 他喜欢吹嘘自己是镇上的首富。to have or own something to be proud of 拥有（值得自豪的东西） = HAVE// The town boasts one of the best museums in the area. 该镇拥有该地区最好的博物馆之一。bragto speak too proudly about what you have done or what you own 吹嘘，夸耀BRAG suggests crudity and artlessness in glorifying oneself. // She's always bragging about how much money she earns. 她老是吹嘘自己挣钱如何如何多。// They bragged that their team had never been beaten. 他们夸耀说他们队从未输过。vauntto speak proudly about or praise something, especially in a way that is more than acceptable or reasonable: 夸张，自夸，吹牛（尤其是以超出可接受或合理的方式）VAUNT usually connotes more pomp and bombast than BOAST and less crudity or naivete than BRAG. // The local people like to vaunt the glories of their faded past. 当地人民喜欢夸耀过去的辉煌。crowto talk in a proud and annoying way about something you have done 得意洋洋，洋洋自得地夸口，吹嘘CROW usually implies exultant boasting or bragging. // He's always crowing about his latest triumph. 他总是为自己最近的胜利而洋洋自得。

hinder, impede, obstruct, block

hinder, impede, obstruct, block

HINDER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK mean to interfere with the activity or progress of. hinderto limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something 阻碍，妨碍HINDER stresses causing harmful or annoying delay or interference with progress. // rain hindered the climb 大雨阻碍了攀登// High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze. 大风阻碍消防队员扑灭大火。// Her progress certainly hasn't been hindered by her lack of experience. 经验不足当然没有妨碍她的进步。impedeto interfere with or slow the progress of 妨碍，阻碍；阻止IMPEDE implies making forward progress difficult by clogging, hampering, or fettering. // tight clothing that impedes movement 妨碍运动的紧身衣// Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way. 尽管他很害羞，但这显然一点儿也没有妨碍他的事业。// Pompeo vowed to limit the ability of Chinese cloud service providers to collect, store, and process data in the U.S., an effort could impede the U.S. operations of tech giants including Alibaba, Tencent, and Baidu.— Fortune, "The U.S. has long decried China’s ‘Great Firewall’—now it’s building its own," 6 Aug. 2020obstructto hinder from passage, action, or operation 阻塞，阻挡（道路、通道、入口等），阻碍，阻止，妨碍OBSTRUCT implies interfering with something in motion or in progress by the sometimes intentional placing of obstacles in the way. // The view was obstructed by billboards, 这个风景被广告牌遮挡 // The view of the stage was obstructed by a pillar. 一根柱子挡住了视线看舞台。// An accident is obstructing traffic. 一场事故堵塞了交通。// Constant interruptions obstruct our progress. 不断的干扰阻碍了我们的进步。// was charged with obstructing justice by lying to investigators 被控通过向调查员撒谎来妨碍司法公正blockto prevent movement through something, to stop something from happening or succeeding 堵塞，阻挡，阻碍，妨碍BLOCK implies complete obstruction to passage or progress.// a landslide blocked the road 滑坡挡住了道路// A fallen tree is blocking the road. 一棵倒下的树挡住了路。// She was very talented and I felt her parents were blocking her progress. 她很有才华，我觉得她的父母妨碍了她的发展。// A group of politicians blocked the proposal. 一群政客使该提案流产了。

reveal, disclose, divulge, tell, betray

reveal, disclose, divulge, tell, betray

REVEAL, DISCLOSE, DIVULGE, TELL, BETRAY mean to make known what has been or should be concealed. revealto make (something secret or hidden) publicly or generally known 揭露；泄露；透露// reveal a secret 揭秘，泄密// He would not reveal where he had hidden her chocolate eggs. 他就是不说他把她的巧克力蛋藏在哪里了。复活节吃的REVEAL may apply to supernatural or inspired revelation of truths beyond the range of ordinary human vision or reason. // Divine will as revealed in sacred writings. 神圣的意志在神圣的著作中显示出来。discloseto make something known publicly, or to show something that was hidden 公开，公布；透露，揭露DISCLOSE may imply a discovering but more often an imparting of information previously kept secret. // would not disclose his salary 不会透露他的薪水// He refused to disclose the source of his information. 他拒绝透露他的信息来源。// Candidates must disclose their financial assets. 候选人必须公开其金融资产。// The company has disclosed that it will be laying off thousands of workers later this year. 该公司透露，它将在今年晚些时候解雇数千名工人。divulgeDIVULGE implies a disclosure involving some impropriety or breach of confidence. // divulge the source 泄露来源// divulge the name of her informant 泄露她的线人的名字// divulge the company's sales figures 泄露公司的销售数字tellto make known : DIVULGE, REVEAL TELL implies an imparting of necessary or useful information. // Don't tell your password. 别透露你的密码。// He told them what he had overheard. 他透露给他们他听到了什么。betray to show feelings, thoughts, or a particular characteristic without intending to 暴露（想法）；表露（情感）BETRAY implies a divulging that represents a breach of faith or an involuntary or unconscious disclosure. // betray a secret 出卖秘密// betray one's true feelings 表露真实情感// Although she often seems quite cold, her smiling eyes betray her true nature. 虽然看上去总是很冷漠，但她微笑的双眼却显示出了真性情。

behave, conduct, deport, comport, acquit

behave, conduct, deport, comport, acquit

BEHAVE, CONDUCT, DEPORT, COMPORT, ACQUIT mean to act or to cause oneself to do something in a certain way. （以某种方式）行为，举止，表现behaveto act in a particular wayBEHAVE may apply to the meeting of a standard of what is proper or decorous. // The children behaved in church. 孩子们在教堂里很守规矩。// getting children to behave themselves 让孩子举止得体// He behaves like a child. 他的行为像个孩子。// behave well/badly 表现很好／很差// behave strangely 行为怪异// Please behave. = to conduct oneself properly// But not all airborne diseases are super contagious (more on that in a bit), and, for the most part, the coronavirus does not behave like a super-infectious pathogen.— Zeynep Tufekci, The Atlantic, "We Need to Talk About Ventilation," 30 July 2020conduct to behave in a particular way, especially in a public or formal situation, or to organize the way in which you live in a particular way （尤指在公共或正式场合中）举止，表现CONDUCT implies action or behavior that shows the extent of one's power to control or direct oneself. // conduct oneself in a professional manner 以专业的态度行事// She conducts herself with unfailing good humor. 她表现幽默风趣// How should I conduct myself at these dinners? I know nothing about etiquette. 我在这类晚宴上该怎样做到举止得体呢？对于礼仪我可是一窍不通。deportto behave or comport (oneself) especially in accord with a code 行为或举止，尤其是遵守守则DEPORT implies behaving so as to show how far one conforms to conventional rules of discipline or propriety. // The hero deported himself in accord with the code of chivalry. 英雄的行为举止按照骑士制度。comportto behave in a particular way 举动，举止，表现 = BEHAVE COMPORT suggests conduct measured by what is expected or required of one in a certain class or position. // comport themselves as gentlemen 像绅士一样行事 // comported himself well in the crisis 在危机中表现得很出色acquitto do better than expected in a difficult situation （在困难的情况下）表现出色ACQUIT applies to action under stress that deserves praise or meets expectations.// She acquitted herself well in her first assignment 她在第一次任务中表现良好。// I thought that he acquitted himself admirably in today's meeting. 我认为他在今天会议上的表现非常不错。

begin, start, commence, initiate, inaugurate, usher in

begin, start, commence, initiate, inaugurate, usher in

BEGIN, START, COMMENCE, INITIATE, INAUGURATE, USHER IN mean to take the first step in a course, process, or operation. BEGIN, START, and COMMENCE are often interchangeable. begin开始；开始进行（或存在）to do the first part of an action : go into the first part of a process BEGIN, opposed to end, is the most general. // begin a trip 开始旅行// begin dancing 开始跳舞// [ + -ing verb ] Jane has just begun learning to drive. 珍妮刚开始学开车。// [ + to infinitive ] After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry. 等了半小时后，她开始生气了。// If you want to learn to play a musical instrument, it might be a good idea to begin on something simple. 如果你想学一种乐器，从简单的开始或许是个好主意。start开始；着手START, opposed to stop, applies especially to first actions, steps, or stages. // When do you start your course/your new job? 你什么时候开始你的课程／新工作？// Do you start (= begin a new job) on Monday? 星期一你开始工作吗？// [ + -ing verb ] They started building the house in January. 他们1月份动工盖这所房子。// [ + to infinitive ] I'd just started to write a letter when the phone rang. 我刚开始写信，电话铃就响了。** [ I ] informal to begin to complain or be annoying in some way 开始抱怨；开始惹人厌烦// Don't start with me - we're not going and that's that! 别烦人——我们不去，没的商量！// informal "It would help if Richard did some work." "Oh, don't get me started on Richard!" “如果理查德做了些工作就好了。”“噢，别提理查德了，说起他来我就生气！”commence开始；着手COMMENCE can be more formal or bookish than BEGIN or START. // commence a conversation 开始对话// Shall we let the meeting commence? 我们开始开会，好吗？// [ + -ing verb ] commence firing 开始射击/开火// Unfortunately, he commenced speaking before all the guests had finished eating. 遗憾的是，没等所有客人都吃完，他就开始讲话了。// The industry’s major job cuts are expected to commence Oct. 1, roughly a month before the U.S. presidential election. — Justin Bachman, Fortune, "United Airlines tells nearly half its staff they could lose their jobs this autumn," 9 July 2020initiate开始，创始INITIATE implies taking a first step in a process or series that is to continue. // initiate diplomatic contacts 开始外交接触// initiate a program of reform 启动改革方案// The company initiated judicial proceedings against them. 该公司对他们提起了司法诉讼。// Doctors have initiated a series of tests to determine the cause of the problem. 医生已经开始了一系列测试以确定问题原因。inaugurate（正式）启用，启动INAUGURATE suggests a beginning of some formality or notion of significance. // the discovery of penicillin inaugurated a new era in medicine 青霉素的发现开创了医学的新纪元// Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte was due Monday to inaugurate the new bridge, which was designed by star architect Renzo Piano and was built in little more than a year. ...— Eric Sylvers, WSJ, "Italy to Open New Bridge, Two Years After Deadly Collapse," 3 Aug. 2020usher in开创（尤指重大的变化或新事物）；开始；开启to be at the start of a new period, especially when important changes or new things happen, or to cause important changes to start happening USHER IN is somewhat less weighty than INAUGURATE. // ushered in a period of economic decline 开始了经济下滑时期// These changes could usher in a period of dramatic economic growth. 这些改变有可能开启一个经济急剧增长的时期。

beautiful, lovely, handsome, pretty, comely, fair

beautiful, lovely, handsome, pretty, comely, fair

BEAUTIFUL, LOVELY, HANDSOME, PRETTY, COMELY, FAIR mean exciting sensuous or aesthetic pleasure. 漂亮的，美丽的beautiful BEAUTIFUL applies to whatever excites the keenest of pleasure to the senses and stirs ① emotion through the senses. // a beautiful woman 美女// beautiful mountain scenery 美丽的山景// She was wearing a beautiful dress. 她穿着一身漂亮的连衣裙。② very pleasant 美好的；极好的// a beautiful piece of music 一首优美的曲子// beautiful weather 极好的天气③ (mainly US) very kind 仁慈的You did a beautiful thing in helping those poor children. 你帮助了那些可怜的孩子，是爱心之举呀。lovely beautiful, pleasant or enjoyable 美丽的，快乐的，愉快的// She has lovely eyes. 她的眼睛很漂亮。// You look lovely in that dress. 你穿那条裙子很好看。// Thank you for the lovely present. 谢谢你送我这么漂亮的礼物。// a lovely melody 优美的旋律// a lovely meal/evening 愉快的晚餐／晚上// We had a lovely time with them. 我们和他们在一起度过了一段快乐的时光。LOVELY is close to BEAUTIFUL but applies to a narrower range of emotional excitation in suggesting the graceful, delicate, or exquisite. handsomeA handsome man is physically attractive in a traditional, male way.（男子）英俊的，漂亮的// a handsome man 一个英俊的男人A handsome woman is attractive in a strong way.（女子）健美的// a handsome woman in her fifties 一位五十多岁的健美女子HANDSOME suggests aesthetic pleasure due to proportion, symmetry, or elegance. // a handsome mansion prettypleasant to look at, or (especially of girls or women or things relating to them) attractive or pleasant in a delicate way（尤指女孩、女子或与其相关事物）漂亮的，美丽的，标致的// pretty woman 漂亮女人// That's a pretty hat you're wearing. 你戴的帽子很漂亮。PRETTY often applies to superficial or insubstantial attractiveness. // a painter of conventionally pretty scenes 传统上风景优美的画家comelyA comely woman is attractive in appearance, having a pleasing appearance : not homely or plain （女子）秀丽的，清秀的，标致的// a comely young woman 一个漂亮的年轻女子// comely flowers 美丽的花朵COMELY is like HANDSOME in suggesting what is coolly approved rather than emotionally responded to. Although comely is now typically used to describe the appearance of human beings, it was once used more broadly of other appealing things, such as fine clothing. Comely can be traced back to an Old English word meaning "lovely, glorious, or fine." fairFAIR suggests beauty because of purity, flawlessness, or freshness. (old use or literary)// a fair maiden 美丽的少女// fair skin 白皙的皮肤If you're looking to pretty up your prose or poetry with additional words meaning "beautiful," English is well-supplied with them. Aside from beautiful itself, we have lovely, handsome, pretty, fair, good-looking, gorgeous, ravishing, and even well-favored.Can beautiful be used to describe a man?Our evidence shows that when beautiful is used to describe physical beauty, it is overwhelming used of women or a physical aspect of a woman (such as her hair or skin). This hasn't always been the case: when beautiful first came into English it was used as easily of men as it was of women. Nowadays, handsome is the adjective of appreciation most commonly used of men.The plural noun phrase beautiful people doesn't refer to the overall looks of the people mentioned, but rather the elegance and sumptuousness of their lives.beautiful people: fashionable, rich people 时尚而富有的人；上层社会时髦人物

bare, naked, nude, bald, barren

bare, naked, nude, bald, barren

bare裸露的BARE implies the removal of what is additional, superfluous, ornamental, or dispensable. // an apartment with bare walls 墙上光秃秃的公寓naked光着身子的，裸体的，没有防备的NAKED suggests absence of protective or ornamental covering but may imply a state of nature, of destitution, or of defenselessness. // poor half-naked children 可怜的半裸孩子nude 裸体的NUDE applies especially to the unclothed human figure. // a nude model posing for art students 给艺术系学生当裸体模特bald秃头的，光秃秃的BALD implies actual or seeming absence of natural covering and may suggest a conspicuous bareness. // a bald mountain peak 光秃秃的山峰// bald head 光头barren贫瘠的，不结果实的BARREN often suggests aridity or impoverishment or sterility. // barren plains 贫瘠的平原Usage Note on Bear and BareThere is considerable confusion between the verbs bear and bare. It may help to remember that the verb bare has only one meaning: "to uncover," as in "bare your shoulders" and "a dog baring its teeth." All other uses of the verb are for bear: "bearing children," "the right to bear arms," "bearing up under the stress/weight," "can't bear the thought," "bear south," "it bears repeating."There is occasional confusion between bear and bare in adjectival uses (as in "he rubbed his bear arms"), but bear is properly a noun and only used like an adjective in the financial phrase bear market. All other uses refer to the state of being uncovered or naked and should therefore be bare: "bare necessities," "bare essentials," "bare arms," "bare bones," "bare-knuckle," and so on.

ban, bar, outlaw, forbid, prohibit, interdict, inhibit, proscribe

ban, bar, outlaw, forbid, prohibit, interdict, inhibit, proscribe

banto prohibit especially by legal means 特别是通过法律手段禁止// ban discrimination 禁止歧视// The city has banned smoking in all public buildings. 该市已禁止所有公共建筑内吸烟。also : to prohibit the use, performance, or distribution of 禁止使用，执行或分发// ban a book 禁止一本书// ban a pesticide 禁止使用农药barPREVENT, FORBID 禁止// a decision barring his participation 禁止他参加的决定to keep out : EXCLUDE —often used with from// Women were barred from joining the club. 妇女被禁止加入这个俱乐部。outlawto deprive of the benefit and protection of law : declare to be an outlaw, to make illegal 认为不合法，禁止// In Australia, goverments have outlawed a pistol without a licence. 澳大利亚政府已规定没有持枪证而拥有手枪是非法的。= illegalize, criminalizeforbidto proscribe from or as if from the position of one in authority : command against 从权威者或相对权威者的位置上禁止，反对做某事FORBID implies that the order is from one in authority and that obedience is expected. // The law forbids stores to sell liquor to minors. 该法禁止商店将酒卖给未成年人。// Her mother forbids her to go. 她的母亲禁止她去。// Smoking is forbidden in the building. 大楼内禁止吸烟。 prohibitPROHIBIT suggests the issuing of laws, statutes, or regulations. 颁布法律，法规或规章的“禁止”。// prohibited the sale of liquor 禁止卖酒interdictINTERDICT implies prohibition by civil or ecclesiastical authority usually for a given time or a declared purpose. 意味着通常在给定的时间或已宣布的目的下，民间或教会机构禁止。// practice interdicted by the church 教会禁止的行为inhibitINHIBIT implies restraints or restrictions that amount to prohibitions, not only by authority but also by the exigencies of the time or situation. 制止，抑制// conditions inhibiting the growth of free trade 阻碍/限制自由贸易增长的条件proscribe to condemn or forbid as harmful or unlawful : PROHIBIT 禁止// acts that are proscribed by law 法律禁止的行为// regulations proscribe the use of electronic devices on board a plane while it is landing 规定禁止在飞机降落时使用电子设备Proscribe vs. Prescribe 禁止与处方Proscribe and prescribe each have a Latin-derived prefix that means "before" attached to the verb "scribe" (from scribere, meaning "to write"). Yet the two words have very distinct, often nearly opposite meanings. Why? In a way, you could say it's the law. In the 15th and 16th centuries both words had legal implications. To proscribe was to publish the name of a person who had been condemned, outlawed, or banished. To prescribe meant "to lay down a rule," including legal rules or orders.

ball, sphere, globe, orb, globule

ball, sphere, globe, orb, globule

ballnouna round or roundish body or mass: such as a spherical or ovoid body used in a game or sport 球// a tennis ball 一个网球spherea globular body : BALL 球体// All points on a sphere are the same distance from the center. 球体上的所有点与中心的距离相同。globesomething spherical or rounded 球形物，尤其指地球仪// She has a globe in her office. 她办公室里有一个地球仪。// His fame has spread around the globe. 他已经声名全球。orba spherical body, especially : a spherical celestial object 球星天体// The moon was a silvery orb. 月亮是一个银色的球体。globulea tiny globe or ball especially of a liquid 很小的球状物，尤指水珠等// globules of mercury 汞珠// fat globules of hot wax dripping onto the table 热蜡滴到桌子上// After mixing alcohol and aloe vera gel in a bowl, the mix created weird globules, and the gel began to separate and sink to the bottom.— New York Times, "Mixing Your Own Hand Sanitizer?," 3 Apr. 2020将酒精和芦荟凝胶在碗中混合后，混合物形成奇怪的小球，凝胶开始分离并沉到底部。—纽约时报，“混合你自己的洗手液？”，2020年4月3日

avoid, miss, evade, elude, shirk, steer clear of

avoid, miss, evade, elude, shirk, steer clear of

avoidverbto keep away from something or someone 避开AVOID stresses forethought and caution in keeping clear of danger or difficulty.// We went another way to avoid the traffic jam. 我们从另一条路走，以避开交通堵塞。// try to avoid past errors 尽量避免过去的错误missTo miss can mean to avoid or fail to attend something 错过// I missed that film because I thought it would be boring. 我以为那部电影不好看，所以错过了机会。evadeTo evade means to avoid doing or taking notice of somehing 规避，逃避EVADE implies adroitness, ingenuity, or lack of scruple in escaping or avoiding.// He managed to evade the school rules. 他设法规避了学校的规定。// skill at evading difficult questions 善于回避难题// evade the question by changing the subject 通过改变话题来回避这个问题// evade the real issues 逃避实际问题eludeTo elude means to avoid in a clever way someone who is looking for you（巧妙地）躲过，躲避，逃脱ELUDE implies a slippery or baffling quality in the person or thing that escapes.// The robber eluded the police. 强盗躲过了警察。// The mice eluded the traps. 老鼠躲开了陷阱。 // Victory continued to elude us. 我们仍然没有取得胜利。shirkTo shirk means to avoid doing a job or a duty 逃避（责任等） AVOID, EVADE// They were very clever at shirking the hard work. 他们很聪明，逃避了这项艰巨的工作。// shirk one's duty 逃避责任steer clear ofTo steer clear of means to avoid something or someone very carefully 小心避开// We steered clear of the deepest part of the river. 我们小心地避开了河水最深的部分。// try to steer clear of debt 设法避开债务

attractive, magnetic, irresistible, tempting, seductive, charismatic

attractive, magnetic, irresistible, tempting, seductive, charismatic

attractiveadjectivepleasing or appealing 有吸引力的// Going to the beach instead of studying is an attractive idea. 不学习而去沙滩是一个有吸引力的主意。// The camera has many attractive features at a very attractive price. 这个相机具有许多吸引人的功能，而且价格非常诱人。magneticMagnetic can mean strongly attractive 有魅力的// The new compere of the TV show had a magnetic personality. 这个电视节目的新主持人显得很有魅力。irresistibleIrresistible means not able to be resisted or withstood 无法抗拒的// an irresistible attraction 不可抗拒的吸引力// The chocolate cake in the fridge was so irresistible that I had to have some. 冰箱里的巧克力蛋糕太具诱惑力，我一定要吃一点。temptingTempting means inviting or enticing 诱人的// The desserts look very tempting. 这些甜点看起来很诱人。// The clear, blue water of the lake looked very tempting on such a hot day. 天这么热，湖里清澈的碧水看上去十分诱人。// a tempting offer 诱人的报价seductiveSeductive means enticing or captivating 撩人的，诱惑的// The movie star wore a seductive dress to the premiere. 那位电影明星在首映式上穿了一件撩人的连衣裙。// the seductive power of advertising 广告的诱惑力charismaticCharismatic means having special personal qualities that give someone influence over a large number of people 有超凡魅力的// The charismatic leader had a large following. 那位领导人魅力超凡，有一大群追随者。

attract, lure, charm, captivate, fascinate, enchant

attract, lure, charm, captivate, fascinate, enchant

attractverbto make someone pay attention or come near, especially by being interesting or pleasing 吸引ATTRACT applies to any degree or kind of ability to exert influence over another. // The new television show attracted the whole family. 新的电视节目吸引了全家人。// students attracted by the school's locale 被学校环境吸引的学生allureto entice by charm or attraction 诱惑ALLURE implies an enticing by what is fair, pleasing, or seductive. // He was so allured by his sister's college roommate that before long he was asking her for a date. 他被他姐姐的大学室友所吸引，不久他就向她展开追求。// Allured by the promise of big bucks, he decided to have a go at a job on the trading floor of the stock market. 在承诺给大笔金钱的诱惑之下，他决定在股票交易市场大厅找工作。charmto please, soothe, or delight by compelling attraction 诱惑，迷惑，使着迷CHARM implies the power of casting a spell over the person or thing affected and so compelling a response // charmed by their hospitality 被他们的好客迷住了captivateto influence and dominate by some special charm, art, or trait and with an irresistible appeal 使着迷。以某种特殊的魅力、艺术或特质影响和支配，并具有不可抗拒的吸引力CAPTIVATE suggest no more than evoking delight or admiration. // We were captivated by her beauty. 我们被她的美貌迷住了。// The scenery captivated our attention. 景色吸引了我们的注意力。// The play has been captivating audiences for years. 这出戏多年来一直吸引着观众。fascinateto command the interest of 令人着迷，使迷惑 FASCINATE suggests a magical influence and tends to stress the ineffectiveness of attempts to resist. // a story that continues to fascinate children 一个持续吸引孩子们的故事// a question that fascinates both biologists and anthropologists 生物学家和人类学家都很感兴趣的问题// Her paintings never fail to fascinate. 她的画总是引人入胜。// O'Connell assumed her 7-year-old daughter would miss her friends and school terribly, and that she would be fascinated by the weekly Zoom video chat with her class.— Matt Villano, CNN, "Only children don't need to be lonely children during the pandemic," 20 Apr. 2020enchantto attract and move deeply 使着迷，使陶醉ENCHANT is perhaps the strongest of these terms in stressing the appeal of the agent and the degree of delight evoked in the subject. // The scene enchanted her to the point of tears. 这一幕使她着迷到流泪的地步。// The book has enchanted children for almost a century. 这本书使儿童着迷了近一个世纪。// hopelessly enchanted by her beauty 被她的美貌无可救药地迷住了

attempt, try, endeavor, essay, strive

attempt, try, endeavor, essay, strive

attemptverbto make an effort to do something 尝试，试图ATTEMPT stresses the initiation or beginning of an effort. // I will attempt the yacht race next year. 明年我要试试参加赛艇比赛。// will attempt to photograph the rare bird 将尝试拍摄这只稀有的鸟// Some sites might attempt to collect personal information such as your shopping habits and annual income.— Marc Saltzman, USA TODAY, "Shopping more online? Take heed to these 7 simple safety tips," 12 July 2020tryTo try means to make an effort or attempt to do something 尝试TRY is often close to ATTEMPT but may stress effort or experiment made in the hope of testing or proving something. // tried to determine which was the better procedure 试着确定哪种方法更好// It seems easy until you try it. 看上去好像很容易，动手试试就知道不是那么一回事了。endeavorENDEAVOR heightens the implications of exertion and difficulty. 努力，增加了努力和困难的含义。// endeavored to find crash survivors in the mountains 努力在山上寻找坠机幸存者essayESSAY implies difficulty but also suggests tentative trying or experimenting. 尝试// will essay a dramatic role for the first time 将首次扮演一个戏剧性的角色 striveSTRIVE implies great exertion against great difficulty and specifically suggests persistent effort. 奋斗，争取，力求// continues to strive for peace 继续争取和平// Nurses, more than anything, strive to deliver high-quality care and connect with patients during their most vulnerable times.— Karen J. Foli, CNN, "Nurses are struggling with trauma. But they were suffering long before Covid-19 hit," 9 July 2020

attempt, effort, endeavour, crack, stab, burl

attempt, effort, endeavour, crack, stab, burl

attemptnouna try to complete or do something 尝试// This will be our final attempt to reach the top of the mountain. 这将是我们最后一次登上山顶的尝试。// They made an attempt to be helpful. 他们试图有所帮助。// a suicide attempt 企图自杀effortAn effort is a serious attempt 努力尝试// Our effort to reach the top took all of our strength. 为了努力登上山顶，我们用尽了全身的力气。// He put a lot of effort into finishing the project on time. 他为按时完成项目付出了很大的努力。// It wasn't easy, but it was worth the effort. 这并不容易，但是值得付出努力。endeavourAn endeavour is a try or an attempt to do something that is worthwhile 努力// We knew our endeavours had been worthwhile when we finally reached the peak. 当最后登上顶峰时，我们知道我们的努力是值得的。crackA crack can be an attempt that may not be successful. It is more suited to everyday language（可能会失败的）尝试，多适用于口语// After I tried to take the lid off, he had a crack at it. 我试着打开盖子后，他也试了一下。// her first crack at writing a novel 她第一次尝试写小说stabA stab is an attempt that hasn't much chance of succeeding. It is more suited to everyday language（不太有成功希望的）尝试，多适用于口语// Can you make a stab at the answer? 你能不能试着答答看？// everybody will get a stab at solving the problem 每个人都会设法解决这个问题give it a burlPrimarily heard in Australia, New Zealand. A burl is a casual or unenthusiastic try or attempt. It is more suited to everyday language（不经意的）尝试，多适用于口语// I don't really want to climb this tree but I'll give it a burl anyway. 其实我并不想爬这棵树，但是让我试试看吧。

attack, assault, charge, mug, beat up, get stuck into

attack, assault, charge, mug, beat up, get stuck into

attackverbto set upon or work against forcefully 攻击// They attacked the enemy with all their strength. 他们全力向敌人发起攻击。// They were unprepared when the enemy attacked. 当敌人进攻时，他们没有做好准备。 assaultTo assault means to attack someone or something violently 袭击// assault a police officer 袭击警察// The thugs assaulted the old man and he had to be taken to hospital. 那帮歹徒袭击了老人，人们不得不把他送进医院（治疗）。chargeTo charge means to attack someone or something by rushing violently at them 冲锋// The bull charged us and we managed to escape in time. 公牛朝我们猛冲过来，我们勉强来得及逃跑。mugTo mug means to assault usually with intent to rob 抢劫// Someone mugged her in the lonely park at night. 夜里公园里人迹稀少，有人抢劫了她。beat upTo beat up means to attack someone and hurt them. This is more suited to everyday language 打，多适用于口语// She cried when the bully heat her up. 那个流氓打了她一顿，她哭了起来。get stuck intoPrimarily heard in UK. To start doing something with a lot of energy. This is more suied to everyday language 使劲地打，多适用于口语// We all got stuck into the bully and sat on him. 我们把那个流氓狠狠地揍了一顿，并制服了他。contrasting word: protect

attack, assault, onslaught, ambush, blitz, foray

attack, assault, onslaught, ambush, blitz, foray

attacknounthe use of force or weapons againest a person or group of people（武力）进攻// The soldiers loaded their rifles ready for the attack. 战士们的枪都上了膛，准备好攻击。// a verbal attack 言语攻击assaultAn assault is a violent attack 攻击// They made an assault on the enemy city. 他们向敌人的城市发起了攻击。onslaughtAn onslaught is a fierce rush or attack 猛攻// The sudden onslaught left many people wounded. 突然的猛攻使许多人受了伤。// an onslaught of technological changes 技术变革的冲击ambushAn ambush is a sudden attack from a hidden place 伏击// Our enemy's ambush caught us by surprise. 敌人的伏击使我们措手不及。blitzA blitz is a sudden attack 闪电战// The people ran to the air-raid shelter for cover during the blitz. 在闪电战中人们跑到防空洞中躲避。// an advertising blitz 广告大战forayA foray is a raid or attack in order to steal something（为抢东西而）突袭// We made a foray into the enemy's camp in the hope of capturing some hostages. 我们突袭了敌人的营地，希望能抓到几个人质。contrasting word: defence

astonishing, amazing, astounding, remarkable, staggering, stupendous

astonishing, amazing, astounding, remarkable, staggering, stupendous

astonishingadjectivecausing great surprise or wonder 令人惊讶的// It was astonishing to see the slow tortoise beat the hare. 看到行动缓慢的乌龟战胜了兔子，我们非常惊讶。// an astonishing discovery 惊人的发现// The truck can hold an astonishing amount of stuff. 这辆卡车能装的东西多得惊人。// He showed an astonishing lack of concern for others. 他表现出惊人的对他人毫不关心。amazingAmazing means causing surprise and astonishment 惊人的// It was an amazing finish to the race. 赛跑的结果实在惊人。// He showed an amazing lack of concern for others. 他表现出惊人的对他人毫不关心。// The amazing thing is that no one knows where it came from. 令人惊奇的是，没有人知道它是从哪里来的。astoundingAstounding means causing complete surprise 出乎意料的// The astounding result shocked the hare. 这一出乎意料的结果使兔子感到震惊。// an astounding revelation 惊人的披露// He ate an astounding amount of food. 他吃了大量的食物。// the astounding sight of their cat returning home after having been missing for two years 他们的猫失踪两年后又回家了，令人震惊stunningcausing astonishment or disbelief 惊人的 // stunning news 惊人的消息// Researchers have made a stunning discovery. 研究人员有了惊人的发现。(strikingly impressive especially in beauty or excellence) // a stunning view 美丽的景色// stunning workmanship 精湛的工艺staggeringStaggering means causing shock and wonder 令人难以置信的// Soon everyone had heard the staggering news that the tortoise had beaten the hare. 很快大家都听说了这个令人难以置信的消息：乌龟战胜了兔子。// a staggering feat 惊人的壮举// staggering medical bills 惊人的医疗费// The storm caused a staggering amount of damage. 暴风雨造成了惊人的损失。// the staggering scope of the new construction on campus 校园新建筑的惊人规模stupendousStupendous means astonishingly good 惊人的，了不起的 // The toutoise's stupendous feat would be remenbered for a long, long time. 人们会在很长时间内记得乌龟了不起的成就。// a person with stupendous wealth 拥有巨额财富的人

astonished, surprised, amazed, astounded, flabbergasted, stunned

astonished, surprised, amazed, astounded, flabbergasted, stunned

astonishedadjectivefeeling or showing sudden and great surprise or wonder 惊愕的，惊讶的 ASTOUNDED, AMAZED// We were astonished when we saw how red the sunset was. 看到落日那么红，我们都感到惊愕。// He heard the news with an astonished smile. 他听到这个消息，惊讶地笑了。amazedAmazed means filled with astonishment 惊讶的// I was amazed that I had managed to complete the walkathon. 我居然走完了步行马拉松全程，自己感到很惊讶。// was amazed to hear what had happened 听到所发生的事很惊讶// was too amazed to react at first 一开始惊讶得反应不过来// wearing an amazed expression on her face 她脸上露出惊讶的表情// Tom Davies has managed to accrue a massive following who is simply amazed at his ability to guess all kinds of random locations on the game GeoGuessr.— Andrea Romano, Travel + Leisure, "This Guy Only Needs 10 Seconds to Guess Which Country He's Looking at in Google Street View," 26 June 2020astoundedAstounded means completely overcome with astonishment 充满惊讶的 ASTONISHED, AMAZED// We were astounded when we discovered gold on our land. 在自己的土地上发现了金子使我们大为惊讶。// We were too astounded to speak. We could only stand there staring in amazement. 我们惊讶得说不出话来。我们只能站在那里惊奇地凝视着。— Arthur Conan Doyle 亚瑟·柯南道尔surprisedSurprised means filled with a feeling of shock and wonder at something unexpected or very unusual 吃惊的，惊讶的// I was surprised by her sudden outburst of anger. 她突然发了一通脾气，我感到惊讶。// I was very surprised to see her there. 看到她在那里我很惊讶。// was too surprised to speak 惊讶得说不出话来// a surprised expression 惊讶的表情flabbergastedFlabbergasted means shocked or greatly astonished 大吃一惊的，目瞪口呆的// I was flabbergasted when she spoke to me so rudely. 她竟然那么粗鲁地对我讲话，使我大吃一惊。// But if the findings, published in 1996, surprised most scientists, recent research has left them flabbergasted. 但是，如果1996年发表的这项发现让大多数科学家感到惊讶，那么最近的研究却让他们目瞪口呆。— Sandra BlakesleestunnedStunned means astonished and very shocked 感到震惊的// I am stunned and saddened by this news. 这个消息使我震惊和悲伤。// They stood in stunned silence beside the bodies. 他们震惊地站在尸体旁边。

associate, comrade, partner, colleague, collaborator

associate, comrade, partner, colleague, collaborator

associatenounsomeone who is connected with you and shares your interests 合伙人// My father's accountant is a business associate. 我父亲的会计是他业务上的合伙人。// a close associate during his college years 他大学期间的亲密伙伴comradeA comrade is a very close friend or mate 亲密的伙伴// My father and my uncle have been comrades since being in the army together. 自从一起当过兵后，我父亲和叔叔就成了亲密的伙伴。// He enjoys spending time with his old army comrades. 他喜欢和老战友在一起。companion A companion is one that accompanies another 伙伴，伴侣 // traveling companions 旅行伙伴// his longtime companion 他长期的伴侣partnerA partner is someone who takes part in something with you 同伴// You should always go skindiving with a partner. 潜泳应该找个同伴一起去。colleagueA colleague is someone who does the same sort of work as you 同事// People can learn a lot by talking to their colleagues.（人们）通过与同事们谈话能学到很多东西。collaboratorA collaborator is someone who works with another person or group on a special task or job 合作人// The two friends were collaborators in writing a play. 这两个朋友合作写了一个剧本。similar word: friend, helpercomrade - Did You Know?In Latin, camara or camera denoted a vaulted ceiling or roof. Later, the word simply mean “room, chamber” and was inherited by many European languages with that meaning. In the Spanish, the word became cámara, and a derivative of that was camarada “a group of soldiers quartered in a room” and hence “fellow soldier, companion.” That Spanish word was borrowed into French as camarade and then into Elizabethan English as both camerade and comerade.

assemble, gather, meet, congregate, turn out, rally

assemble, gather, meet, congregate, turn out, rally

assembleverbto come together 集合ASSEMBLE implies an ordered union or organization of persons or things often for a definite purpose. // We assembled in the playground before going on the excursion. 出发旅行前我们在操场上集合。// Experts assembled for a conference. 专家们聚集在一起开会。gatherTo gather is so similar to assemble that you can usually use either 聚集，与 assemble 非常相似，可以换用GATHER is the most general term for bringing or coming together from a spread-out or scattered state.。// a crowd quickly gathered 人群很快聚集起来 meetTo meet means to come together for discussions or a shared activity 开会，碰头 a common purpose = assemble// The club meets at 9 o'clock every Friday in the church hall. 俱乐部成员每星期五9点在教堂大厅开会。congregateTo congregate means to come together in very large number（大批人）聚集CONGREGATE implies a spontaneous flocking together into a crowd or huddle. // A huge crowd congregated to see the fireworks. 一大群人聚集过来观看烟花。// It's a place where the homeless congregate. 这是无家可归者聚集的地方。turn outTo turn out means to come along 一起来（参加某活动），出席// All her friends turned out for her wedding. 她所有的朋友都参加了她的婚礼。rallyTo rally means to come together for a common cause or purpose（为共同的目标而）聚集// The people rallied behind their leader. 人民聚集在他们的领袖后面。

ask, request, beg, implore, entreat, beseech

ask, request, beg, implore, entreat, beseech

askverbTo make a request 请求// I'll ask my father to help me with this problem when he gets home. 等父亲回来后我请他帮我解决这个问题。requestTo request means to ask for something in a formal way（正式）要求或请求// The judge requested the public to be silent during the court case. 法官要求公众在法庭审案时保持安静。// request a brief delay 要求短暂延迟begTo beg means to ask someone for something in a humble way 请求BEG suggests earnestness or insistence in the asking.// They begged for help. 他们请求帮助。 // I beg you to forgive me. 我请求你原谅我。entreatTo entreat means to implore. These two words are so similar that you can often choose either of them 恳求，意思和implore非常相似，可以换用ENTREAT implies an effort to persuade or to overcome resistance. // We entreat you to help us escape. 我们恳求你帮助我们逃跑。// He entreated me to join them. 他恳求我加入他们。imploreTo implore means to ask someone for something in an earnest or urgent way 央求，恳求BESEECH and IMPLORE imply a deeply felt anxiety. // Don't go, I implore you. 我求求你，别去了！// implored her not to leave him 恳求她别离开他// Hanks also used the opportunity to implore others to wear masks.— Ruth Kinane, EW.com, "Tom Hanks says we need to unify (and wear masks!) to defeat coronavirus: 'We're all in this together'," 7 July 2020beseechTo beseech means to ask anxiously for something 急切地恳求 // I beseeched him for news of the missing fisherman. 我急切地恳求他告诉我关于失踪渔民的消息。// I beseech you to have mercy. 我恳求你行行好…… similar word: demand

arrange, group, sort, grade, classify, file

arrange, group, sort, grade, classify, file

arrangeverbto put something in order（按一定次序）排放// She arranged the books on the shelf so that she could find them easily. 她把书按一定次序排放在书架上，以便容易寻找。// arrange the files numerically 按数字摆放文件// arrange cards alphabetically 按字母顺序排列卡片groupTo group means to gather things or people together because they are thought to be connected in some way 分组// The children were grouped by age. 孩子们按年龄分组。// grouped English and Dutch as Germanic languages 将英语和荷兰语归为日耳曼语族sortTo sort means to arrange according to type or kind 分类// sort apples 把苹果分类// sort mail 把邮件分类// We sorted the washing into piles for each member of the family. 我们把洗好的衣服按家里成员的分成一堆堆。gradeTo grade means to arrange according to a stage or step on a scale of position, quality or value 分等级// A wool classer graded wool into bundles of fine or course texture. 羊毛分级员按质地的粗细等级把羊毛分成几堆。// be graded for quality 按质量分级classifyTo classify means to arrange according to quality or likeness 归类// This book classifies plants into different groups according to where they come from. 这本书将各种植物按其产地分别归类。// The online system can classify books by subject. 在线系统可以按主题对书籍进行分类。fileTo file can means to put or arrange something in a file 整理存放，归档 // The librarian filed all the index cards so that we could find them easily. 图书馆管理员将所有的索引卡片整理放好，以便我们可以很容易找到。similar word: listcontrasting word: disorganise