Moxifloxacin Pharmacology

<p>Moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—two enzymes essential for DNA replication, repair, and transcription. By blocking both targets, it provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and atypical pathogens. Its enhanced gram-positive coverage, especially against <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, distinguishes it from earlier fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin.</p> <p>Pharmacokinetically, moxifloxacin has excellent oral bioavailability, meaning the PO and IV doses are essentially interchangeable. It distributes well into tissues like the lungs and sinuses, making it a frequent choice for respiratory infections. With a long half-life of about 12 hours, once-daily dosing is standard. </p> <p>Adverse effects are similar to the fluoroquinolone class, with concerns including tendonitis and tendon rupture, QT interval prolongation, CNS effects like confusion or agitation—particularly...